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Inventory Turnover Ratio, Is Your Capital Working?

Calculate your inventory turnover ratio, convert to Days Sales of Inventory, and benchmark yourself against Pakistan industry standards. A low ratio means capital is sitting idle in stock.

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📊 5 industry benchmarks
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Capital Efficiency Measure

Inventory Turnover Ratio Calculator

Enter your COGS and opening/closing inventory values to calculate turnover ratio, Days Sales of Inventory, and your performance vs your industry benchmark.

Total cost of stock sold this year
Stock value at start of period
Stock value at end of period

📊 Your Results
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Times per year
Days Sales of Inventory
Days of stock on hand
vs Industry Benchmark
Performance rating
Average Inventory Value
PKR capital tied up

What Is Inventory Turnover Ratio?

Inventory turnover ratio measures how many times you sell and replace your entire inventory in a year. A higher ratio means inventory moves quickly, your capital is working hard. A low ratio means capital is sitting idle in stock, generating holding costs and obsolescence risk.

For Pakistan SMEs, particularly in manufacturing and distribution, low inventory turnover is one of the most common causes of cash flow pressure. Working capital tied up in slow-moving stock cannot be used for growth, debt service, or opportunities.

Pakistan Industry Benchmarks

SectorBenchmark RangeDSI (Days)What It Means
FMCG / Retail8–12× per year30–45 daysFast-moving consumer goods; any lower signals overstocking
Manufacturing4–6× per year60–90 daysLonger production cycles justified; below 4× is a problem
Pharma / Healthcare3–5× per year73–121 daysRegulatory minimums and shelf-life drive higher stock
Energy / Utilities2–4× per year91–182 daysSpare parts and MRO have inherently lower turnover
Construction2–3× per year121–182 daysProject-based demand creates lumpy inventory cycles

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Days Sales of Inventory (DSI) mean?
DSI is the flip side of turnover ratio, it tells you how many days of average demand you currently have in stock. DSI = 365 ÷ Turnover Ratio. If your turnover is 4× and DSI is 91 days, you have about 3 months of stock on hand. Whether that is right depends on your sector, lead times, and service level requirements.
How can I improve my inventory turnover?
The most effective approaches are: (1) identify and eliminate dead and slow-moving stock; (2) reduce reorder quantities using EOQ, smaller, more frequent orders keep inventory lean; (3) improve demand forecasting to avoid over-purchasing; (4) implement ABC classification and focus your management effort on A-class items; (5) negotiate shorter lead times with suppliers to reduce required safety stock. Safe Chain Solver delivers these improvements in 30–90 day engagements.
Is a higher inventory turnover always better?
Not always. Extremely high turnover (above industry benchmark) can indicate insufficient safety stock, meaning you risk stockouts, production stoppages, or lost sales. The goal is the right turnover for your service level requirements, not the highest turnover possible. Use the Safety Stock Calculator alongside this tool to ensure your lean inventory levels are supported by appropriate buffers.
Formula Reference

Inventory Turnover Formulas

Core Formula

Inventory Turnover Ratio

Turnover = COGS ÷ Avg Inventory
COGS = Cost of Goods Sold (annual)
Avg Inventory = (Opening + Closing) ÷ 2
Derived Metric

Days Sales of Inventory (DSI)

DSI = 365 ÷ Turnover Ratio
Lower DSI = faster inventory movement
High DSI = capital sitting idle in stock
Working Capital Impact

Capital Released Per 1× Improvement

Release = COGS × (1/Old − 1/New)
Every 1× increase in turnover frees significant working capital
E.g. 3× to 4× on ₨50M COGS = ₨4.2M freed
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